What should employers do to
protect workers from fire hazards?
Employers should train workers about fire
hazards in the workplace and about what to
do in a fire emergency. If you want your workers
to evacuate, you should train them on how to
escape. If you expect your workers to use
firefighting equipment, you should give them
appropriate equipment and train them to use
the equipment safely. (See Title 29 of the Code
of Federal Regulations Part 1910 Subparts E
and L; and Part 1926 Subparts C and F.)
What does OSHA require
for emergency fire exits?
Every workplace must have enough exits
suitably located to enable everyone to get out
of the facility quickly. Considerations include
the type of structure, the number of persons
exposed, the fire protection available, the type
of industry involved, and the height and type
of construction of the building or structure.
In addition, fire doors must not be blocked or
locked when employees are inside. Delayed
opening of fire doors, however, is permitted
when an approved alarm system is integrated
into the fire door design. Exit routes from
buildings must be free of obstructions and
properly marked with exit signs. See 29 CFR
Part 1910.36 for details about all requirements.
Do employers have to provide
portable fire extinguishers?
No. But if you do, you must establish an
educational program to familiarize your workers
with the general principles of fire extinguisher
use. If you expect your workers to use portable
fire extinguishers, you must provide hands-on
training in using this equipment. For details, see
29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart L.
Must employers develop
emergency action plans?
Not every employer is required to have an
emergency action plan. OSHA standards that
require such plans include the following:
¦ Process Safety Management of Highly
Hazardous Chemicals, 1910.119
¦ Fixed Extinguishing Systems, General,
1910.160
¦ Fire Detection Systems, 1910.164
¦ Grain Handling, 1910.272
¦ Ethylene Oxide, 1910.1047
¦ Methylenedianiline, 1910.1050
¦ 1,3 Butadiene, 1910.1051
When required, employers must develop
emergency action plans that:
¦ Describe the routes for workers to use and
procedures to follow.
¦ Account for all evacuated employees.
¦ Remain available for employee review.
¦ Include procedures for evacuating disabled
employees.
¦ Address evacuation of employees who stay
behind to shut down critical plant equipment.
¦ Include preferred means of alerting employees
to a fire emergency.
¦ Provide for an employee alarm system
throughout the workplace.
¦ Require an alarm system that includes voice
communication or sound signals such as bells,
whistles, or horns.
¦ Make the evacuation signal known to
employees.
¦ Ensure emergency training.
¦ Require employer review of the plan with new
employees and with all employees whenever
the plan is changed.
Must employers have
a fire prevention plan?
OSHA standards that require fire prevention
plans include the following:
¦ Ethylene Oxide, 1910.1047
¦ Methylenedianiline, 1910.1050
¦ 1,3 Butadiene, 1910.1051
Employers covered by these standards must
implement plans to minimize the frequency of
evacuations. All fire prevention plans must:
¦ Be available for employee review.
2002
This is one in a series of informational fact sheets highlighting
OSHA programs, policies, or standards. It does not impose
any new compliance requirements. For a comprehensive list of
compliance requirements of OSHA standards or regulations,
refer to Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations. This information
will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals
upon request. The voice phone is (202) 693–1999. See also
OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.
¦ Include housekeeping procedures for storage
and cleanup of flammable materials and
flammable waste.
¦ Address handling and packaging of flammable
waste. (Recycling of flammable waste such as
paper is encouraged.)
¦ Cover procedures for controlling workplace
ignition sources such as smoking, welding,
and burning.
¦ Provide for proper cleaning and maintenance
of heat producing equipment such as burners,
heat exchangers, boilers, ovens, stoves, and
fryers and require storage of flammables away
from this equipment.
¦ Inform workers of the potential fire hazards
of their jobs and plan procedures.
¦ Require plan review with all new employees
and with all employees whenever the plan
is changed.
What are the rules for fixed
extinguishing systems?
Fixed extinguishing systems throughout the
workplace are among the most reliable fire
fighting tools. These systems detect fires, sound
an alarm, and send water to the fire and heat.
To meet OSHA standards employers who have
these systems must:
¦ Substitute (temporarily) a fire watch of trained
employees to respond to fire emergencies
when a fire suppression system is out of service.
¦ Ensure that the watch is included in the fire
prevention plan and the emergency action plan.
¦ Post signs for systems that use agents
(e.g., carbon dioxide, Halon 1211, etc.)
posing a serious health hazard.
How can you get more information
on safety and health?
OSHA has various publications, standards,
technical assistance, and compliance tools to
help you, and offers extensive assistance through
workplace consultation, voluntary protection
programs, strategic partnerships, alliances, state
plans, grants, training, and education. OSHA’s
Safety and Health Program Management
Guidelines ( Federal Register 54:3904–3916,
January 26, 1989) detail elements critical to the
development of a successful safety and health
management system. This and other information
are available on OSHA’s website.
¦ For one free copy of OSHA publications,
send a self-addressed mailing label to OSHA
Publications Office, 200 Constitution Avenue,
N.W., N-3101, Washington, DC 20210; or
send a request to our fax at (202) 693–2498,
or call us at (202) 693–1888.
¦ To order OSHA publications online at
www.osha.gov, go to Publications and
follow the instructions for ordering.
¦ To file a complaint by phone, report an
emergency, or get OSHA advice, assistance,
or products, contact your nearest OSHA
office under the U.S. Department of
Labor listing in your phone book, or call
toll-free at (800) 321–OSHA (6742).
The teletypewriter (TTY) number is
(877) 889–5627.
¦ To file a complaint online or obtain more
information on OSHA federal and state
programs, visit OSHA’s website.
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